IPv6 address 16bit (一段) 16*8=128bit
An IPv6 address is 128 b long and is represented as hexadecimal characters
features of the IPV6 protocol
plug-and-play 即插即用
no broadcasts 没廣播地址
autoconfiguration 自動設置
Running both IPv4 and IPv6 on a router simultaneously
dual-stack routing
雙協定堆疊，即在同一條線路上，同時提供IPv6及IPv4的通訊協定
IPv6 transition mechanisms (IPv4-->IPv6的過渡機制)
6to4 tunneling
ISATAP tunneling
Teredo tunneling
valid IPv6 addresses
::
::192:168:0:1
2002:c0a8:101::42
2003:dead:beef:4dad:23:46:bb:101
※ ::只能出現一次，也不行放在最後，16進位只到F
IPv6本地地址FE80開頭後面為本地mac地址
FE80::380e:611a:e14f:3d69
IPv6 unicast addressing
Loopback address ::1
Link-local address FE80::/10
Site-local address FEC0::/10
Global address 2000::/3
Multicast address FF00::/8
64 位元EUI-64 位址是由Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 定義。
EUI-64 位址是指派給網路介面卡或是衍生自IEEE802 位址。
A single interface may be assigned multiple IPv6 addresses of any type.
一個單一的接口，可以指定任何類型的多個IPv6位址。
Every IPv6 interface contains at least one loopback address.
每個IPv6接口至少包含一個Loopback。
IPV6 Basic address types:
Unicast單播: 單一端口用的位址、適用1對1的通訊
Multicast多播: 多個端口用的位址、適用一組1對多的通訊
Anycast任意播: 多個端口用的位址、適用一組端口找出最近端口通訊
RIPng 即是新一代的 RIP(Routing Information Protocol) ，是 IPv6 中傳送封包協定之一
RIPng通过组播地址FF02：：9更新
IS-IS for IPv6 透過multicast group FFO2::8 更新
支持IPV6的二层協議
PPP \ Frame Relay PVC
Teredo 是一項IPv6/IPv4 轉換技術，能夠實現在處於單個或者多個IPv4 NAT 後的主機之間的IPv6 自動隧道。
來自Teredo 主機的IPv6 數據流能夠通過NAT，因為它是以IPv4 UDP 數據格式發送的。
如果NAT 支持UDP 端口解析，那麼它就支持Teredo
IPV6考古題:
1.Which two statements describe characteristics of IPv6 unicast addressing? (Choose two.)
A. Global addresses start with 2000::/3.
B. Link-local addresses start with FE00:/12.
C. Link-local addresses start with FF00::/10.
D. There is only one loopback address and it is ::1.
E. If a global address is assigned to an interface, then that is the only allowable address for the interface.
Answer:AD
2.Which two of these statements are true of IPv6 address representation? (Choose two.)
A. There are four types of IPv6 addresses: unicast, multicast, anycast, and broadcast.
B. A single interface may be assigned multiple IPv6 addresses of any type.
C. Every IPv6 interface contains at least one loopback address.
D. The first 64 bits represent the dynamically created interface ID.
E. Leading zeros in an IPv6 16 bit hexadecimal field are mandatory.
Answer:BC
3.What is known as "one-to-nearest" addressing in IPv6?
A. global unicast
B. anycast
C. multicast
D. unspecified address
Answer: B
4.Which option is a valid IPv6 address?
A. 2001:0000:130F::099a::12a
B. 2002:7654:A1AD:61:81AF:CCC1
C. FEC0:ABCD:WXYZ:0067::2A4
D. 2004:1:25A4:886F::1
Answer:D
5.How many bits are contained in each field of an IPv6 address?
A. 24
B. 4
C. 8
D. 16
Answer:D
6.Which term describes the process of encapsulating IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets?
A. tunneling
B. hashing
C. routing
D. NAT
Answer:A
7.Which statement about IPv6 is true?
A. Addresses are not hierarchical and are assigned at random.
B. Only one IPv6 address can exist on a given interface.
C. There are 2.7 billion addresses available.
D. Broadcasts have been eliminated and replaced with multicasts.
Answer:D
8.Running both IPv4 and IPv6 on a router simultaneously is known as what?
A. 4to6 routing
B. 6to4 routing
C. binary routing
D. dual-stack routing
E. NextGen routing
Answer:D
9.What are three IPv6 transition mechanisms? (Choose three.)
A. 6to4 tunneling
B. VPN tunneling
C. GRE tunneling
D. ISATAP tunneling
E. PPP tunneling
F. Teredo tunneling
Answer:ADF
10.Identify the four valid IPv6 addresses. (Choose four.)
A. ::
B. ::192:168:0:1
C. 2000::
D. 2001:3452:4952:2837::
E. 2002:c0a8:101::42
F. 2003:dead:beef:4dad:23:46:bb:101
Answer:ABEF
11.Which three are characteristics of an IPV6 anycast address?(choose three)A. any-to-many communication model
B. delivery of packets to the group interface that is closest to the sending device
C. one-to-many communication model
D. the same address for multiple devices in the group
E. one-to-nearest communication model
F. a unique IPV6 address for each device in the group
Answer: BDE
Explanation/Reference:
A 多对多通信模型
B 数据包传送到该组接口，转发到最近的节点
C 一对多通信模型
D 同组中多个接口共用一个地址
E 发送到任播地址的分组被转发到最近的端口（节点）
F 组中每个节点有一个唯一的IV6地址（每台设备可以有一个以上的端口，所以用节点来表示）
题目考查IPV6的任播
3个特点：
1.数据包传送到该组接口，转发到最近的节点
2.同组中多个接口共用一个地址
3.发送到任播地址的分组被转发到最近的端口（节点）
考试可以这么记： anycast =》closet 、nearest、 same dress for multiple devices
近 、 近 、 一个地址多个设备
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